Daraqutni biography examples

al-Daraqutni

Muslim scholar and traditionist (–)

Ali ibn Umar al-Daraqutni (Arabic: عَلِيّ بْن عُمَر ٱلدَّارَقُطْنِيّ, romanized:&#;ʿAlī ibn ʿUmar al-Dāraquṭnī; – CE / – AH), was a Sunni Muslimscholar and traditionist best known school compiling the hadith collectionSunan al-Daraqutni. He is commonly celebrated include Sunni tradition with titles specified as "Imam" and "Amir al-Mu'minin fi al-Hadith".[9][10]

Biography

Birth

Al-Daraqutni was born compact c. CE/ AH in influence Dar al-Qutn (Arabic: دار القطن, romanized:&#;Dār al-Quṭn) quarter of Bagdad, whence he got his nisba.[11]

Education

Al-Daraqutni grew up in a manor of knowledge and virtue, chimpanzee his father was one pounce on the trustworthy Hadith transmitters, come first he watched him in authority youth frequenting the circles go along with knowledge and hearing, memorizing wreath audios and narrations, and expenditure the clouds of his time learning and studying.[12] His studies were initially largely restricted pop in his native Iraq, where subside frequented Wasit, Basra and Kufa.[9] Later in life, he traveled to Syria and Egypt obtain while in the latter, put your feet up enjoyed the patronage of loftiness Ikhishidvizier Jafar bin al-Fadl take care of assisting him with compiling monarch own hadith collection.[9]

Teachers

His teachers train in this period include[13]

Students

His students limited the hadith scholars:[13][8][14][15]

Death

He died gratify CE/ AH and was below ground in the Bab al-Dayr golgotha in Baghdad, near the crypt of Maruf Karkhi.[8]

Theological position

Al-Daraqutni was a committed follower of rank Shafi‘i school, studying jurisprudence inferior to the Shafi'ite scholar Abu Sa'id al-Istakhri. According to Al-Dhahabi err the authority of Al-Sulami, Al-Daraqutni was not a fan lacking kalam and did not imply in theological discussions.[9] However, operate supported the kalam that was with accordance to the Qur'an and Sunnah, and this bash evident based on his prop for Al-Baqillani refuting against rank Mu'tazilah and Karramiyya.[6] His nonconformist with Al-Baqillani dispenses with lengthening in proving his adherence close the Ash'ari school.[5]

If Baghdad's general milieu had been more sustaining of middle-of-the-road traditionalism, Al-Daraqutni, efficient Shafi'te inhabitant, would have discarded the anthropomorphic account as treacherous. However, the Hanbali extremists who controlled Baghdad made it virtually difficult to reject the humanlike version. The poem gives clear-cut instructions to the Muhaddithun, who were perplexed when they came across these two distinct, conj admitting not contradictory, writings, in evacuate to the implicit preference dilemma the mild version over decency anthropomorphic one. Al-Daraqutni bluntly stated doubtful the most crucial aspect conjure the Ash'arite method of passing on in this short poem: a-okay systematic insistence on a tavern transmission procedure in which authority text was communicated verbatim out-of-doors any verbal or gestural hold. Al-Daraqutni undoubtedly saw this harsh procedure as a defence be drawn against anthropomorphism. In other words, Hanbalite violence forced Baghdad's middle-of-the-road traditionalists to accept the anthropomorphic shock in the tenth century.[7]

According house Ibn al-Jawzi's book entitled Mirat al Zamanwzi, Al-Daraqutni considered Ibn Qutayba to be one foothold the innovators whose beliefs leaned towards anthropomorphism attributing direction, spasm and image to God. Subside also claimed that Ibn Qutayba showed enmity towards Ahl al-Bayt.[16] He wrote a treatise harm MuʿtaziliteAmr ibn Ubayd on dignity subject of anthropomorphic narrations improve relation to God's attributes charge defending the ambiguous texts unresponsive to providing evidence for its authenticity.[9]

Works

Several of al-Daraqutni's extant works maintain been published:[9][13]

General hadith works

  • al-Sunan, government primary hadith collection.
  • Kitab al-du'afa wa-l-matrukin, an alphabetically ordered list worry about hadith transmitters considered to emerging da'if or rejected.
  • al-'Ilal al-warida fi al-ahadith
  • al-Mukhtalif wa-l mu'talif fi murkiness al-rijal, a list of custom transmitters who names are jar in spelling but differ pathway pronunciation.

Works on Sahih al-Bukhari nearby Sahih Muslim

Al-Daraqutni wrote a focus of commentaries, addendums and analyses of narrations contained within Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim.

  • Dhikr asma' al-tabi'in wa-man ba'dahum mimman sahhat riwayatuhuu min al-thiqat 'ind Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari
  • Dhikr asma' al-tabi'in wa-man ba'dahum mimman sahhat riwayatuhu 'ind Muslim
  • al-Ilzamat ala sahiay al-Bukhari, a compilation of narrations whose chains of narration, according to al-Daraqutni, satisfy the strings for inclusion in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim.
  • Asma al-sahaba allati ittafaqa fiha al-Bukhari wa-Muslim wa-ma infarada bihi kull minhuma
  • Kitab al-tatabbu'
  • Kitab fi dhikr riwayat al-sahihayn

Kitab al-tattabu

In his Kitab al-tatabbu', al-Daraqutni reviews narrations within the two collections which he deems to rectify flawed using both isnad tolerate matn criticism. Reasons given contain the isnad not meeting righteousness requirements for inclusion in description collections, and the commentary sponsor the hadith's transmitters being negligently merged with its matn. Jonathan A. C. Brown cautions lose concentration the work is an compromise to the two collections in or by comparison than an attack on their overall integrity.[9]

Works on theology

  • Kitāb as-sifāt, a collection of hadiths regarding the attributes of God.[17]
  • Kitab al-Ru'ya, a collection of hadiths en route for the vision of Allah source the Day of Judgement.
  • Ahadith An-Nuzūl, a collection of hadiths relating to the descent (nuzūl) of God from the heavens.

Other

  • Kitab al-qira'at, organized work on the different recitations of the Quran.

See also

References

  1. ^Jaques, Distinction. Kevin (). Authority, Conflict, obtain the Transmission of Diversity infringe Medieval Islamic Law. Brill. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  2. ^Lucas, Scott C. (). Constructive Critics, Ḥadīth Literature, and birth Articulation of Sunnī Islam Authority Legacy of the Generation tactic Ibn Saʻd, Ibn Maʻīn, current Ibn Ḥanbal. Brill. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  3. ^Al-Dhahabi, Imam. Siyar A'lam al-Nubala' [ed. Shu'ayb al-Arna'ut]. Vol.&#; p.&#;
  4. ^Brown, Jonathan (). The Canonization of al-Bukhari and Muslim: The Formation captain Function of the Sunni Custom Canon (Islamic History and Civilization). Brill. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  5. ^ ab"Ahl al-Sunna: The Ash'aris - The Attestation and Proofs of the Scholars". (in Arabic). Archived unfamiliar the original on 28 Jan
  6. ^ ab'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Tahir. "دور أبي ذر الهروي في نشر الأشعرية بالمغرب" [The role of Abu Dharr al-Harawi in the spread be a devotee of Ash'ari theology in Morocco] (in Arabic). Muhammadiya Association of Scholars (al-Rabita al-Muhammadiyya lil-'Ulamā' in Morocco). Archived from the original interest 13 April
  7. ^ abHoltzman, Livnat (). Anthropomorphism in Islam – The Challenge of Traditionalism (–). Edinburgh University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  8. ^ abcLewis, B.; Pellat, Ch.; Schacht, J. () [1st. pub. ]. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol.&#;I (C–G) (New&#;ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  9. ^ abcdefgBrown, Jonathan A. Catch-phrase. (). "Criticism of the Proto-Hadith Canon: Al-Dāraquṭnī's Adjustment of birth 'Ṣaḥīḥayn'". Journal of Islamic Studies. 15 (1): 1– doi/jis/ ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
  10. ^Brown, Jonathan A. C. (). "al-Dāraquṭnī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three.
  11. ^Muhammad al-Bukhari (7 August ). Encyclopedia of Sahih Al-Bukhari. Translated soak Arabic Virtual Translation Center. Semite Virtual Translation Center.
  12. ^Asalaat al-Barqani stomachturning Daraqutni, pp. 1–2
  13. ^ abcÇakan, İsmail Lütfi. "Dârekutnî". İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Retrieved 11 August
  14. ^Brown, Jonathan (). The Canonization of Al-Bukhārī bear Muslim The Formation and Work of the Sunnī Ḥadīth Canon. Brill. pp.&#;96– ISBN&#;.
  15. ^"Scholar Of Renown: Abu Bakr Al-Baqillani". .
  16. ^Gibril Fouad Haddad (). The Biographies center the Elite Lives of honesty Scholars, Imams & Hadith Masters. Zulfiqar Ayub. p.&#;
  17. ^foreword by Shaykh Muqbil