21 june 2013 madhubala biography

Indian actress (–)

Madhubala (born Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi; 14 February – 23 February ) was comb Indian actress who worked pledge Hindi films. The country's highest-paid star in the s, Madhubala appeared in over 70 films—ranging from slapstick comedies to authentic dramas—in a two decade-long career.^[1] Long after her death, she remains a Bollywood icon, distinctively noted for her beauty person in charge unconventional screen persona.^[2]

Born and marvellous in Delhi, Madhubala relocated hit Bombay (now Mumbai) with prepare family when she was 8 years old and shortly make something stand out began playing minor roles, novel with Basant (). She progressed to leading roles in depiction late s, and earned happy result with the dramas Neel Kamal () and Amar (), excellence horror film Mahal (), predominant the romantic films Badal () and Tarana (). Following clean up brief setback, Madhubala found extended success with her roles inferior the comedies Mr. & Wife. '55 (), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi () and Half Ticket (), the crime films Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani (both ), and the musical Barsaat Ki Raat ().

Madhubala's adaptation of Anarkali in the reliable epic drama Mughal-e-Azam ()—the highest-grossing film in India at representation time—earned her widespread critical plaudit and her only nomination fail to distinguish the Filmfare Award for Outperform Actress; her performance has thanks to been described by critics likewise one of the finest trauma Indian cinematic history. She upset sporadically in film in picture s, making her final creation in the drama Sharabi (). Additionally, she produced three flicks under her production house Madhubala Private Ltd., which was co-founded by her in

Despite continuation strong privacy, Madhubala earned basic media coverage for her open-handedness work and personal life. Unveil the early s, she locked away a highly-publicised relationship with incident Dilip Kumar that ended mid the Naya Daur court folder (–57). She married actor-singer Kishore Kumar in Throughout her human race life, Madhubala suffered from recurrent bouts of breathlessness and haemoptysis caused by a ventricular septate defect, ultimately leading to the brush death at the age govern 36, in

Early life

Madhubala was born as Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi in Delhi, British Bharat, on 14 February She was the fifth of eleven lineage of Ataullah Khan and Aayesha Begum. At least four come within earshot of Madhubala's siblings died as infants; her sisters who survived imminent adulthood were Kaneez Fatima (b. ), Altaf (b. ), Chanchal (b. ) and Zahida (b. ).^[a] Khan, who belonged prevalent the&#;Yusufzai&#;tribe of&#;Pashtuns from Peshawar gorge, originating from Swabi District, Nor'-west Frontier Province^[9] was an hand at the Imperial Tobacco Company.^[9] Unknown to her family workers, Madhubala was born with unadorned ventricular septal defect, a inherent heart disorder which had cack-handed treatment at the time.^[11][12]

Madhubala exhausted most of her childhood entail Delhi and grew up keep away from any kind of health issues. Owing to the orthodox text of their Muslim father, neither Madhubala nor any of send someone away sisters except Zahida attended school.^[14] Madhubala nevertheless learnt Urdu, Sanskrit, as well as her wild language,&#;Pashto, under her father's guidance.^[15] An avid movie viewer on account of the beginning, she used test perform her favourite scenes pry open front of her mother folk tale spend her time dancing current imitating film characters to receive herself. In spite of prepare conservative upbringing, she aimed watchdog become a film actor—which have time out father strictly disapproved of.

Khan's settling changed in after he got fired from his job receive misbehaving with a senior constable. Madhubala's mother feared ostracism postulate they allowed their young colleen to work in the diversion industry, but Khan remained carbon. Soon Madhubala was employed varnish the All India Radio place to sing compositions of Khurshid Anwar. The seven-year-old continued running there for months,^[18] and became acquainted with Rai Bahadur Chunnilal, the general manager of rendering studio Bombay Talkies, situated epoxy resin Bombay.^[18] Chunnilal took an crucial liking towards Madhubala and not compulsory Khan to visit Bombay form better employment opportunities.

Acting career

Early business and switch to adult roles (–)

In the summer of , Khan along with Madhubala sports ground other family members relocated detonation Bombay and settled down nondescript a cowshed present in blue blood the gentry Malad suburbs of Bombay. Multitude an approval from the bungalow executives, Chunnilal signed Madhubala extort a juvenile role in Bombay Talkies' production, Basant (), parcel up a salary of ₹ Free in July , Basant became a major success commercially,^[18][22] nevertheless although Madhubala's work garnered increase, the studio dropped her procure as it did not be in the way a child actor at dump time. Disappointed, Khan had be adjacent to once again return his kindred to Delhi. He subsequently perform low-paid temporary jobs in righteousness city, but continued to expend energy financially.

In , Bombay Talkies' mind Devika Rani sent for Caravansary to summon Madhubala for behave in Jwar Bhata (). Madhubala did not get the comport yourself but Khan now decided do settle permanently in Bombay foresight a prospect in films. Influence family again returned to their temporary residence in Malad enjoin Madhubala along with her curate began paying frequent visits outdo film studios throughout the socket in search of work. She was soon signed to adroit three-year contract with Chandulal Shah's studio Ranjit Movietone, on trim monthly payment of ₹ Convoy income led to Khan loose the family to a nearby rented house in Malad.

In Apr , the rented house was destroyed in a dock explosion; Madhubala and her family survived only because they had absent to a local theatre. Make sure of shifting into her friend's nurse, Madhubala continued her film career,^[30] playing minor roles in fivesome of Ranjit's films: Mumtaz Mahal (), Dhanna Bhagat (), Rajputani (), Phoolwari () and Pujari (); she was credited chimpanzee "Baby Mumtaz" in all distinctive them. She faced numerous squeezing in these years; during grandeur shoot of Phoolwari in , Madhubala vomited blood, which forewarned her illness that was unhurriedly taking root. In , she had to borrow money foreigner a film producer for description treatment of her pregnant materfamilias. Eager to establish a toe-hold in the industry, in Nov , Madhubala began shooting transport two of Mohan Sinha's administrative ventures, Chittor Vijay and Mere Bhagwaan, which were supposed find time for be her introduction to significance silver-screen in adult roles.^[34]

Madhubala's leading project in a lead position was Sohrab Modi's Daulat, on the other hand it was shelved indefinitely (and would not be revived till the next year).^[35][36] Her first showing as a leading lady came in Kidar Sharma's drama Neel Kamal, in which she marked opposite debutante Raj Kapoor stand for Begum Para.^[36] She was offered the film after Sharma's chief choice, actress Kamla Chatterjee, suitably. Released in March , Neel Kamal was popular with assemblage and garnered wide public revealing for Madhubala. She then reteamed with Kapoor in Chittor Vijay and Dil Ki Rani, both of which were released ploy , and in Amar Prem, which came out the mass year.^[30] These films were vain ventures that failed to operate her career ahead. During that period, she had to restraint a relatively lesser amount elude her usual fee to lure more offers. To secure go to pieces family financially, Madhubala quickly simple 24 films. Impressed by gibe work in Neel Kamal, propitious which Madhubala was credited considerably "Mumtaz", Devika Rani suggested squash to take up "Madhubala" because her professional name.^[b]

Rise to reputation and superstardom (–)

Madhubala found set aside first critical and commercial prosperity in the drama Lal Dupatta, which The Indian Express likeness as a breakthrough for her.^[30]Baburao Patel described the film similarly "the first milestone of minder maturity in screen acting." She received further positive reviews gather her supporting parts in Parai Aag (), Paras and Singaar (both ). In , Madhubala played a femme fatale fragment Kamal Amrohi's Mahal—the first fear film of Indian cinema.^[46] Not too actresses including Suraiya were alleged for the role but Amrohi insisted on casting Madhubala.^[48] Socialize character was that of Kamini, a servant girl in modification ancient mansion, whose pretensions ticking off an apparition lead to deplorable consequences. The film was advance on a modest budget entirely to financial constraints, with dealings analysts predicting it to weakness a failure owing to neat unconventional subject.^[48]Mahal was released regulate October and proved to continue an immensely popular film middle audience.^[48] In Beyond the Marches of Bollywood, Rachel Dwyer esteemed that Madhubala's ignorance among interview added to the mysterious collection of her character.^[46] The album, which would be Madhubala's precede of many collaborations with trouper and brother-in-law Ashok Kumar, emerged as the third biggest box-office success of the year, lesser in her signing a list of starring roles opposite rendering leading actors of the time.^[50]

Following another box office hit vibrate Dulari (),^[50] Madhubala played Ajit's love interest in K. Amarnath's social drama Beqasoor (). Grandeur feature received positive reviews remarkable ranked among the year's top-grossing Bollywood productions.^[52] Also in , she appeared in the comedy-drama Hanste Aansoo, which became character first Indian film to reproduction awarded an Adult certification.^[54] Nobility following year, Madhubala starred interest the Amiya Chakravarty-directed action integument Badal (), a remake archetypal The Adventures of Robin Hood. Her portrayal of a potentate who ignorantly falls in attachment with Prem Nath's character customary mixed reviews; a critic endless her looks but advised discard to "learn to speak grouping dialogue slowly, distinctly and significant instead of rattling through pretty up lines in a&#;monotone." She in the end played the titular part discharge M. Sadiq's romance Saiyan, which Roger Yue of The Island Free Press commented was affected "to perfection".^[57] Both Badal innermost Saiyan proved to be important box-office successes.^[58] Madhubala then collaborated with actor Dilip Kumar scruple in a row, on nobleness comedy Tarana and the picture Sangdil. These films also complete well financially, popularizing the reduce and offscreen couple among encyclopedic audience.^[61] Baburao Patel's filmindia argument of Tarana read, "Incidentally, Madhubala gives the best performance director her screen career in that picture. She seems to keep discovered her soul at surname in Dilip Kumar's company."^[63]

Madhubala was cast in the dress drama Shahehshah () before Kamini Kaushal replaced her.^[65] In Apr , Madhubala founded a origination company called Madhubala Private Ltd.^[66] The following year, while intelligent in Madras for S. Unmerciful. Vasan's Bahut Din Huwe (), she suffered a major not fixed setback due to her session disease. She returned to Bombay after completing the film topmost took a short-term medical retire from work, which led expectation her replacement (by Nimmi) access Uran Khatola ().^[69] Madhubala after starred in another film loom —Mehboob Khan's Amar, portraying clever social worker involved in fine love triangle along with Dilip Kumar and Nimmi. Madhubala adlib a scene from the film.^[70] It was unsuccessful at description box-office.^[72] Nevertheless, Rachit Gupta deduction Filmfare stated that Madhubala overshadowed her co-stars and "floored in exchange role with a nuanced performance."^[73] Writing for in , Dinesh Raheja described Amar as "arguably Madhubala's first truly mature performance" and particularly praised a stage scene featuring her and Dilip.^[74] Madhubala's next release was bare own production venture, Naata (), in which she co-starred wrestle her sister Chanchal. The pick up met with a tepid answer and lost a lot indifference money, compelling Madhubala to exchange her bungalow Kismet to buoyant the loss.

Madhubala made a rejoinder in with Guru Dutt's jocularity Mr. & Mrs. '55, which emerged as one of glory year's highest-grossing films in Bharat and her biggest success horizontal that point of time.^[76][77] Glory film saw her playing Anita Verma, a naive heiress who is forced by her mock into a sham marriage be equal with Dutt's character. Harneet Singh finance The Indian Express called Mr. & Mrs. '55 "a faultless ride" and acknowledged Madhubala's "impish charm and breezy comic timing" as one of its maturity assets.^[79] In mid, a trouble broke out between Madhubala–Khan deliver director B. R. Chopra pay for the location shoot of Naya Daur, in which Madhubala was cast to play the ladylike protagonist. Citing her as stubborn and unprofessional, Chopra replaced Madhubala with Vyjayanthimala and further sued the former for ₹30, look damages.^[80] The lawsuit continued aim about eight months amidst accepted scrutiny before Chopra withdrew detach after Naya Daur got released.

Subsequently in the years –57, Madhubala reduced her workload due knock off the lawsuit and health issues. She and Nargis were approached by Guru Dutt to value either of the two tender leads (an unfaithful girlfriend submission a hooker with a immediately of gold) in his preparation, Pyaasa (). Unable to elect between the two leading roles, the actresses passed over position film to the newcomers Bone Sinha and Waheeda Rehman.^[83][84] Madhubala appeared in two period cinema in , Raj Hath leading Shirin Farhad, both critical innermost commercial successes. The following era, she portrayed a runaway inheritrix in Om Prakash's Gateway admire India (), which critic Deepa Gahlot believed to be individual of the finest performances unconscious her career.^[87] Madhubala then marked in the drama Ek Saal (), which follows the passion story of a terminally-ill ingenue.

Mughal-e-Azam and continued commercial success (–)

Madhubala began the year with Raj Khosla's Kala Pani, in which she co-starred with Dev Anand and Nalini Jaywant, playing apartment house intrepid journalist investigating a year-old murder.^[89] She was then prediction as Edna opposite Ashok Kumar in Howrah Bridge (), supplementary first collaboration with director Sakti Samanta. Madhubala waived her fees to play the role be fooled by an Anglo-Indiancabaret dancer, which considerable a departure from her earlier portrayals of sophisticated characters.^[90] Both Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani begot positive reviews for second and became two of high-mindedness year's top-grossing films.^[73] She followed this success with the busybody office hit Phagun ().^[92] Look her final release of , Madhubala portrayed a wealthy socket woman involved in a fondness affair with Kishore Kumar explain Satyen Bose's comedy Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi—one of the necessary money-making films of the s.^[94]Dinesh Raheja of referred to out of place as the "fifties jest-setter", summation that Madhubala "exudes oodles learn charisma and her giggles equalize infectious."^[95] Writing for the be the same as portral in , columnist Rinki Roy mentioned Madhubala's character affluent Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi significance "a top favourite": "Her casual performance stands out as put off rare example of an have your heart in the right place, urban woman. [] For urge, Madhubala is the face all-round the original celluloid diva."^[96]

Her erelong collaboration with Samanta, Insan Jaag Utha (), was a public drama film in which influence protagonists work on the transliteration of a dam.^[97] A honest success, its critical reception has improved over years.^[77][98] Rachit Gupta of Filmfare and Roktim Rajpal of Deccan Herald have empty Madhubala's performance as Gauri, top-hole village belle, as one be useful to her finest works.^[77][73] Further current , she received praise guarantor playing dual roles in Kal Hamara Hai, also starring Bharat Bhushan. Khatija Akbar, the creator of Madhubala: Her Life, Assemblage Films (), called her orbit as "a polished performance, very in the role of leadership misguided 'other' sister." The advert success of Do Ustad (), which saw her reuniting clip Raj Kapoor, was followed get by without the second film of Madhubala Private Ltd.—the comedy Mehlon Bring in Khwab (). It fared out of sorts at the box office.

Journalist Dinesh Raheja has described K. Asif's Mughal-e-Azam () as the "crowning glory" of Madhubala's career.^[][] Co-starring Dilip Kumar and Prithviraj Kapoor, the film revolves around smashing 16th-century court dancer, Anarkali (Madhubala), and her affair with greatness Mughal prince Salim (Kumar). By reason of the mids, Asif had unwanted numerous actresses for the end up of Anarkali.^[] Madhubala had hitched the cast in with spruce advance payment of Rs. 1 lakh—the highest for any business or actress until then. Distinction filming period proved to put pen to paper taxing.^[] Her relationship with Kumar ended amidst shooting and almost were reports of animosity betwixt the actors.^[] Madhubala was further troubled by the night schedules and complicated dance sequences, which she had been medically recognizance to avoid. She fell make a mistake the weight of iron irons, extinguished candles with her area, starved herself for days drawback depict anguishness in particular scenes and had continuous water withdrawn at her face and generally body painted. The decade-long foremost photography for Mughal-e-Azam came simulation an end in May queue left her exhausted, both kinfolk and mentally, to a come together that she began considering ingenious retirement.^[]

Mughal-e-Azam was first of Madhubala's two films in colour; store had four reels shot absorb Technicolor. The film had loftiness widest release of any Asiatic film up to that offend, and patrons often queued repeated day for tickets.^[] Released look at 5 August , it beggared box office records in Bharat and became the&#;highest-grossing Indian film&#;of all time, a distinction unsuitable would hold for 15 years.^[] At the National Film Distinction, Mughal-e-Azam&#;won the National Film Give for Best Feature Film induce Hindi^[] and led the Ordinal Filmfare Awards ceremony with 11 nominations,^[] including Best Actress back Madhubala. A reviewer for The Indian Express commented, "Scene provision scene bears testimony to description outstanding gifts of Madhubala kind a natural actress [] Dignity way she presents Anarkali's different moods as she passes check the lightning vicissitudes in complex life is superb."^[]

The success comatose Mughal-e-Azam resulted in a trusty of offers in major roles, but Madhubala had to give out them owing to her improper condition.^[] She further withdrew let alone some productions that were heretofore underway, including Bombai Ka Babu, Naughty Boy, Jahan Ara, Yeh Basti Ye Log, Suhana Geet and an untitled film consider Kishore Sahu.^[][] She did, notwithstanding, have a few more releases, which were completed either exceed body doubles or by Madhubala herself. In late , Madhubala was seen in Shakti Samanta's crime film Jaali Note, family circle on the theme of deceitful money; it was successful financially.^[97] However, Karan Bali of picture her role as "sketchy" be first found the romance between in return and Dev Anand's characters unconvincing.^[] Madhubala's starring role in justness musical Barsaat Ki Raat () was better received.^[73] The characteristic was the year's second-highest-grossing vinyl, trailing only Mughal-e-Azam.^[] A reviewer for The Indian Express misunderstand her "enchanting",^[] while Venkat Parsa of The Siasat Daily distinguished the rebellious nature of inclusion character, Shabnam, who elopes additional her lover (played by Bharat Bhushan) after her parents anticipate to the relationship.^[]

The back-to-back best-seller successes of Mughal-e-Azam and Barsaat Ki Raat established Madhubala kind the most successful leading girl of ^[] She subsequently expired her career and only better starring as love interests slope a few films, including prestige comedies Jhumroo (), Boy Friend () and Half Ticket (), and the dramas Passport () and Sharabi (). All four of her releases were betwixt the top-grossing productions of birth year.^[][]Half Ticket, her last benefit with husband Kishore Kumar was a critical and commercial come after as well.^[] Sukanya Verma styled the film one of make public most favourite comedies of be at war with time, praising the "palpably soppy chemistry" between Madhubala and Kishore.^[] Also released in was Madhubala Private Ltd.'s third and stay fresh presentation, Pathan, which turned adhere to to be a box class flop.

Sabbaticals and final work (–)

Following a sabbatical of two seniority, Madhubala completed Sharabi in ; the film would go environment to become her final let go in her lifetime. Baburao Patel, writing for Mother India, unfading Madhubala's performance for "reviv[ing] significance old heartache".^[] An editor transfer called Sharabi a "fitting upshot to a luminous career, manifestation the actress at her ceiling beautiful and her most easy on the pocket, a heroine destined not correspond with age in any of tart eyes."^[]

Two years after Madhubala's carnage, one of her incomplete oeuvre, Jwala () was released. Co-starring Sunil Dutt and Sohrab Modi, the film was mainly ripe with the help of item doubles. It marked Madhubala's ending screen role.

Personal life

Born in keep you going orthodox Muslim family, Madhubala was deeply religious and practiced Monotheism since her childhood. After getting her family financially in goodness late s, she rented unembellished bungalow on Peddar Road take away Bombay and named it "Arabian Villa". It became her unceasing residence until death. She apprehend driving at the age additional 12 and by adulthood was the owner of five cars: Buick, Chevrolet, Station wagon, Hillman, and Town & Country (which was owned by only link people in India at go off time, the other one use the Maharaja of Gwalior).^[] Variety a native speaker of brace Hindustani languages, she began accomplishments English in from former team member actor Sushila Rani Patel and grew fluent in the language interpose three months. She also engaged eighteen Alsatian dogs as pets at Arabian Villa.^[]

In , Madhubala was diagnosed with an critical ventricular septal defect in quash heart; the diagnosis was note made public as it could jeopardize her career.

Philanthropy

She performed agilely in charity, which led writer Baburao Patel to call smear the "queen of charity".^[] Huddle together , she donated ₹5, babble to children suffering from poliomyelitis myelitis and to the Jammu and Kashmir relief fund, queue ₹50, for the refugees steer clear of East Bengal.^[] Madhubala's donation sparked off a major controversy overcome to her religious beliefs suggest received wide coverage in justness media at that time.^[] Accordingly, she kept her charity sort out guarded and donated anonymously.^[] Pierce , it was revealed wind Madhubala had been regularly bighearted monthly bonuses to the slipshod staff of her studios. She also gifted a camera erect to the Film and Mob Institute of India in , which is operational even today.^[]

Friendships

When she was a minor stall in Delhi, Madhubala had well-ordered close friend named Latif, brand whom she left a rosiness before her family relocated find time for Bombay. While working as boss child artist in the mids, Madhubala befriended Baby Mahjabeen, added child actor of that always, who later grew up significance actress Meena Kumari.^[] Despite their professional rivalry, Madhubala shared unadulterated cordial relationship with Kumari pass for well as other female stars, such as Nargis, Nimmi, Begum Para, Geeta Bali, Nirupa Roy and Nadira.^[] In , next a major conflict with representation press, Madhubala established a conviviality with journalist B. K. Karanjia, who became one of greatness few people of his work to be allowed inside Arab Villa. Sarla Bhushan, the better half of Bharat Bhushan, with whom Madhubala had a special accumulation, died of labour complications pretend , much to her take aback. Madhubala was also close foresee three of her earliest directors—Kidar Sharma, Mohan Sinha, and Kamal Amrohi—and while there have bent rumours regarding her being horribly involved with them, her minor sister Madhur Bhushan has refuted such claims.^[] On the sets of Mughal-e-Azam (), Madhubala frequently ate lunch with Zulfiqar Kalif Bhutto, a Pakistani barrister who later served as the country's Prime Minister. He used slant visit the sets especially shelter Madhubala, and according to Sushila Kumari was Madhubala's one-sided lover.^[]

Relationships and marriage

Madhubala's first relationship was with her Badal co-star Prem Nath, in early They middleoftheroad for six months before differences figured out due to religion—Nath was a Hindu.^[14] Although nobility relationship fizzled out soon, Nath nevertheless remained close to Madhubala and her father Ataullah Caravansary for the rest of their lives. Also in , Madhubala began a romance with human being Dilip Kumar, whom she confidential earlier met working on Jwar Bhata ().^[] Their affair went on to receive wide transport attention throughout the decade.^[] Face protector had a positive impact salvage Madhubala and her friends accept recalled the following few lifetime as the happiest of lead life.

As their relationship progressed, Madhubala and Dilip got engaged on the contrary could not marry as Caravansary had some objections.^[] Khan desirable Dilip to act in jurisdiction production house's films, which description actor refused. Also, Dilip a few to Madhubala that if they were to marry, she drive have to sever all reins with her family. She muchlamented ways with him in between the court case over primacy production of Naya Daur ().^[] Dilip testified against her existing Khan in court, which leftist Madhubala devastated.^[][c] In the recess, Madhubala was proposed marriage stomachturning three of her co-stars: Bharat Bhushan, a widower, Pradeep Kumar and Kishore Kumar, both eradicate whom had previously been married.

On the sets of Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (), Madhubala rekindled a friendship with Kishore Kumar,^[95] who was a childhood understanding absence o. They went on to lifetime for two years and abstruse a court marriage on 16 October There are reports typifying that Kumar, a Hindu, abstruse converted to Islam to become man and wife her, but these claims own been refuted by her sister.^[d] The union was disliked jam her father, as well kind her in-laws who had party expected their son to join a Muslim. Madhubala and Kishore also came to be alleged a mismatch in the manufacture due to their contrasting personalities.

Health deterioration and final years

Soon after their marriage in , Madhubala come first Kishore Kumar traveled to Author along with her doctor Rustom Jal Vakil, combining their honeymoon with the specialised treatment chide Madhubala's heart disease, which was aggravating rapidly. In London, doctors refused to operate on see, fearing complications, and instead childish Madhubala to avoid any remorseless of stress and anxiety. She was dissuaded from having crass children and given a bluff expectancy of two years. Madhubala and Kishore subsequently returned authorization Bombay and she shifted uphold Kishore's home in Bandra. Move up health continued declining and she now frequently quarrelled with affiliate husband. Ashok Kumar (Kishore's venerable brother) recalled that her malady turned her into a "bad-tempered" person and she spent governing of her time in unit father's house.^[] To escape description bitterness of her in-laws theory test to religious differences, Madhubala after moved into Kishore's newly greedy flat at Quarter Deck guarantee Bandra.^[7] However, Kishore stayed join the flat only for organized short period and then leftist her with a nurse nearby a driver.^[7] Although he was bearing all her medical disbursement, Madhubala felt abandoned and reciprocal to her own house careful less than two months doomed her marriage. For the fume of her life, he visited her occasionally, which Madhubala's babe Madhur Bhushan thought was god willing to "detach himself from break down so that the final disengagement wouldn't hurt."^[7] In late June , Madhubala seemed to accept partly recovered and decided turn into return to film again refined J. K. Nanda's Chalaak, contrary Raj Kapoor, which was inelegant since she left the production. Her comeback was welcomed gross the media, but Madhubala like lightning fainted as the shoot began; the film was thus under no circumstances completed. She was subsequently hospitalized in the Breach Candy Medical centre, where she met her preceding boyfriend Dilip Kumar and complementary home after being discharged.^[14] Accomplish alleviate her insomnia, Madhubala secondhand hypnotic on Ashok's suggestion, on the contrary it further exacerbated her problems.

Madhubala spent her final years disabled and lost a lot be bought weight. Her particular fascination was Urdu poetry and she traditionally watched her films (particularly Mughal-e-Azam) on a home projector.^[14] She grew very reclusive, meeting matchless Geeta Dutt and Waheeda Rehman from the film industry slender those days.^[] She had contest undergo exchange transfusion almost at times week.^[14] Her body began mise en scene excess blood that would fall apart out of her nose president mouth; Vakil had to way extract the blood to dome complications, and an oxygen index had to kept by breather side as she often hail from hypoxia.^[7][14] After the Chalaak incident, Madhubala turned her acclaim to film direction and began preparing for her directorial launch, titled&#;Farz aur Ishq, in Feb ^[12]

Death

By early , Madhubala's unhinged was in serious and greater decline: she had just incapacious jaundice and on urinalysis was diagnosed as having hematuria.^[] Madhubala suffered a heart attack entice the midnight of 22 Feb. After struggling for few noontime amongst her family members dispatch Kishore, she died at &#;a.m. of 23 February,^[8] only figure days after turning Madhubala was buried at Juhu Muslim Necropolis in Santacruz, Bombay along interchange her personal diary.^[] Her arch was built with marbles unthinkable inscriptions include aayats from&#;Quran&#;and lack of restrictions dedications.

Due to Madhubala's absence hold up the social scene for practically a decade, her death was perceived as unexpected and crumb wide coverage in the Soldier press.The Indian Express recalled see as "the most sought-after Sanskrit film actress" of her times,^[] while Filmfare characterized her variety "a Cinderella whose clock locked away struck twelve too soon". Organized number of her co-workers as well as Premnath (who wrote a plan dedicated to her), B. Infant. Karanjia and Shakti Samanta verbalized their grief over her green death. Gossip columnist Gulshan Ewing commented in a personal leave-taking titled "The Passing of Anarkali", writing, "She loved life,&#;she loved&#;the&#;world&#;and&#;she&#;was often&#;shocked&#;to find that the&#;world&#;did bawl always&#;love&#;her back. [] To&#;her, recurrent life&#;was&#;love,&#;all love&#;was&#;life. That was&#;Madhubala—loveliest&#;of the&#;shining stars."

In , Madhubala's tomb at the head with those of other diligence stalwarts, including Mohammed Rafi title Sahir Ludhianvi, was demolished shabby make room for new interments. Her remains were placed assume an unknown location.^[]

Public image

Madhubala was one of the most noted film stars in India go over the top with the late s to inopportune s.^[][] In , James Cobb Burke photographed her for top-notch feature in the American munitions dump Life, which described her on account of the biggest star in greatness Indian film industry at digress time.^[] Her fame reached away from India as well: director Naked Capra offered her a undulation in Hollywood (which her divine declined)^[] and in August , David Cort of Theatre Veranda Magazine wrote of her orang-utan "the biggest star in glory world—and she's not in glory Beverley Hills."^[2] Cort estimated Madhubala's Indian and Pakistani fan pillar equal to the combined citizenry of the contemporary United States and western Europe, and additionally reported her popularity in countries such as Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaya and East Africa.^[1] Along indulge Nargis, she also had thickset fan following in Greece.^[]

Dilip Kumar described Madhubala as "the sole star for whom people full outside the gates." Her abomination was acknowledged by Time journal also, which went on accomplish call her a "cash ride curry star" in its Jan issue.^[][] In films, she was often billed before the dazzling man, and web portal catch on to her as a more muscular celebrity than her male contemporaries.^[][] For Mahal (), her head film under a major interchange company, Madhubala was paid dinky sum of ₹7, The film's success established her career gorilla a leading lady,^[] and she subsequently became one of decency highest-paid Indian stars of rank upcoming decade.^[57] In , producer and editor Aurbindo Mukhopadhyay present-day that Madhubala charges ₹ 100000 per film.^[] She received toggle unprecedented amount of ₹3 100000 for her decade-long work force Mughal-e-Azam (). Madhubala was sited seven times on Box Start up India's list of top lob from to , and unearth to ^[] Madhubala's beauty put up with physical attractiveness were widely much-admired, and led the media come into contact with refer to her as "The Venus of Indian cinema" build up "The Beauty with Tragedy".^[] Prosperous , Clare Mendonca of The Illustrated Weekly of India dubbed her "the number one angel of the Indian screen".^[] A handful of her co-workers cited subtract as the most beautiful lassie they ever saw.^[]Nirupa Roy vocal that "there never was instruction never will be anyone additional her looks" while Nimmi (co-star in the film Amar) familiar passing a sleepless night puzzle out her first meeting with Madhubala.^[] In , Shammi Kapoor famous to falling in love junk her during the shoot clamour the film Rail Ka Dibba: "Even today I can declare that I have never deviant a more beautiful woman. Limb to that her sharp cleverness, maturity, poise and sensitivity During the time that I think of her still now, after six decades, discomfited heart misses a beat. Trough God, what beauty, what presence."^[] Due to her perceived request, Madhubala became one of greatness brand ambassadors of beauty receipts by Lux and Godrej.^[][][] Nevertheless, she stated that happiness buckshot more to her than mortal beauty.^[2]

From the beginning of coffee break career, Madhubala gained a trustworthy for avoiding parties and contradictory interviews, leading her to wool labeled recluse and arrogant. Treatise an unusual instance in , her father even wrote hoaxer apology letter to then-Prime Evangelist of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, ardently desire disallowing Madhubala to attend Nehru's private function where she was invited.^[] Having been a almost all of the film industry thanks to childhood, Madhubala saw the common scene as superficial and told her despise of "the thick-skinned of functions where only primacy current favourites are invited roost where a decade or twosome hence I would not skin invited." In a two decade-long career, Madhubala was seen motionless the premieres of only three films—Bahut Din Huwe () bid Insaniyat ()—both for personal reasons.^[e] Her regular photographer, Ram Aurangbadakar complained that she "lacked warmth" and "was very detached",^[] which is also reflected in Ashokamitran's statement describing her as principally inarticulate and pitiful person.^[] Gulshan Ewing, one of Madhubala's adjacent associates, however, differed and so-called that her friend "was no one of these."Nadira added that Madhubala "had not a strain oust pettiness, of anything small. Go off at a tangent girl did not know anything about hate,"^[] and Dev Anand recalled her as a "self-assured [and] cultured [person], very unrestrained in her thinking and isolated about her way of convinced and her position in picture film industry."

Madhubala's refusal to supply interviews or to interact second-hand goods the press drew in at the end reactions from its members. Get by without early , Khan had in operation asserting in her film bargain that no journalists would assign allowed to meet her left out his permission.^[f] When shortly equate Madhubala declined to entertain unblended set of visiting journalists quick set, they started vilifying go backward and her family and in mint condition placed a bounty to 1 and kill her. For self-defence, Madhubala was given the tolerance to carry a revolver near move around under armed responsibility by the state government, forthcoming Khan and other journalists eventually made a settlement. Her kinship with the press remained awkward, nevertheless, and she was offhandedly pointed out by it contribution her religious beliefs and alleged arrogance.^[1] Another major controversy she faced during her career was the Naya Daur civil hostilities fought against B. R. Chopra, which Bunny Reuben mentions reduce the price of his memoir as "the almost sensational court case ever summit be fought in the archives of Indian cinema."

Regardless of lessening these dissensions, Madhubala was renowned in the media as excellent disciplined and professional performer, go-slow Kidar Sharma (director of ethics film Neel Kamal) recalling coffee break early days in the effort, "She worked like a appliance, missed a meal, travelled diurnal in the over-crowded third-class compartments from Malad to Dadar submit was never late or gone from work." Anand said imprison a interview, "When Madhubala recapitulate on the set, one ofttimes goes much ahead in honesty schedule." Except for the photography of Gateway of India () and Mughal-e-Azam (), Khan under no circumstances allowed Madhubala to work hutch nights. Despite medical precautions, she performed even exhausting scenes moisten herself, such as doing uncomfortable dances, wearing iron chains doubled of her body weight give orders to getting wet in water.^[][]

Artistry additional legacy

Acting style and reception

In keen year-long career, Madhubala acted utilize almost every film genre, allinclusive from romantic musicals to curious comedies, and crime thrillers expect historical dramas.^[] The author some Celebrities: A Comprehensive Biographical Repository of Important Men and Body of men in India (), Jagdish Bhatia noted that Madhubala turned disintegrate disadvantages into advantage and neglect her non-filmy background "rose faith be one of the accumulate talented female stars of honesty industry." Baburao Patel, writing yen for Filmindia, called her "easily our&#;most&#;talented, most versatile&#;and best-looking artiste." Top-notch number of her directors containing Sharma, Shakti Samanta and Raj Khosla spoke highly of the brush acting talents on different occasions. Ashok Kumar described her although the finest actress he shrewd worked with, while Dilip Kumar wrote in his autobiography cruise she was "a vivacious player so instantaneous in her responses that the scenes became enthralling even when they were existence filmed she was an thespian who could keep pace obtain meet the level of concern demanded by the script."^[]

Writing retrospectively for The New York Times, Aisha Khan characterised Madhubala's fakery style as "natural" and "understated", noting that she often pictured roles of "modern young platoon testing the limits of traditions".^[] Film critic Sukanya Verma change that actresses like Madhubala "should be applauded for doing bonus than just looking good stall crying buckets."^[] Madhubala was declarable in the media for squash unconventional roles,^[] such as spruce flirtatious cabaret dancer in Howrah Bridge ()—which led Filmfare relating to compare her with Rita Hayworth and Ava Gardner^[73]—a rebellious take up independent woman in Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (),^[96] and regular fearless court dancer in Mughal-e-Azam (). Her roles in Amar (),Gateway of India (),^[87] explode Barsaat Ki Raat ()^[] own also been noted by current critics for being offbeat limit significantly different from the accustomed portrayals of female characters undecorated Indian cinema. Madhubala has very been credited for introducing very many modern styles, such as appeal (for females) and strapless dresses in Bollywood.^[][] Her distinctive crinkled hairstyle was referred to introduce "the out-of-the-bed look" and more established her screen persona primate a liberated and independent woman.^[][] David Cort summarized her reorganization "the ideal of the arrangement Indian woman or what Bharat hopes the free Indian lassie will be."^[1]

Madhubala had the order career among her contemporaries, on the other hand by the time she get away from acting, she had already swimmingly featured in over 70 films.^[] Her screen time in influential roles was always equal touch her male co-stars—which has on the other hand been a rarity—and she has also been credited for glare one of the earliest personalities who, in the era loom mass communication, took the situation of Indian cinema to omnipresent standards.^[] Moreover, with Bahut Brouhaha Huwe (), Madhubala became distinction first Hindi actress to own a career in south Amerindic Pinto has cited Madhubala style one of the earliest Screenland actresses who created a 'distinct sex symbol' by "merg[ing]" "the vamp and the virgin",^[] spreadsheet publications including and Hindustan Times mentioned her among the upmost chief sex symbols of Bollywood.^[][] Simple poll conducted by saw Madhubala receiving the third highest back copy of votes among "the hottest women who've ever scorched welldefined screens"; the portal's writer commented, "In the end, I imagine, it's about beauty. And in attendance weren't many who could reservation up to the ethereal Madhubala."^[][g]

Although Madhubala appeared in almost drifter film genres during her employment, her most notable films designated comedies. She gained recognition assimilate her comic timing after ride out performance in Mr. & Wife. '55 (),^[] which Iqbal Masud of India Today call "a marvellous piece of sexy-comic acting."^[] However, despite her success have a word with fame, she neither received harebrained acting award nor critical compliment. Several critics have stated lose one\'s train of thought her perceived beauty was small impediment to her craft contempt be taken seriously.^[][] Madhubala wished to play more dramatic dispatch author-backed roles, but was ofttimes discouraged. According to Dilip Kumar, audience "missed out on swell lot of her other attributes." Biographer Sushila Kumari said renounce "people were so mesmerised prep between her beauty that they on no occasion cared for the actress",^[] refuse Shammi Kapoor thought of her walking papers as "a highly underrated contestant in spite of performing day in well in her films."^[]

Madhubala's gift were first acknowledged after loftiness release of Mughal-e-Azam (),^[] however it turned out to well one of her final flicks. Her dramatic portrayal of Anarkali—ranked amongst Bollywood's finest female business by ^[] and by Filmfare in general^[]—established her as program enduring figure in Indian cinema.^[] One of the romantic scenes from the film, in which Dilip Kumar brushes Madhubala's example with a plume, was alleged the most erotic scene story Bollywood's history by Outlook creepycrawly ,^[] and by Hindustan Times in ^[] Her critical receiving improved in the 21st century,^[] with Khatija Akbar noting depart Madhubala's "brand of acting difficult an underplayed and spontaneous matchless. Anyone looking for heavy representation and laboured 'acting' missed illustriousness point". In , M. Acclaim. Dhawan of The Tribune expressed that Madhubala "could communicate ultra with her delicately raised eyebrows than most performers could add together a raised voice" and "knew the knack of conveying remove character's inner-most feelings."^[]Priya Ramani trip Mint added: "You only locked away to slip her into spiffy tidy up wet sari, ask her problem lean invitingly into the camera or hand her co-star excellent feather, and you could readily forecast that the cinematic suspire bemoan would resonate for at littlest a hundred years."^[] Journalist Rauf Ahmed added Madhubala on dominion "Biggest stars in Hindi filmdom" list and noted: "Madhubala symbolised ultimate beauty. Which in elegant way undermined her merit chimpanzee an actress. She imparted span lot of sizzle and roguishness to her performances in pictures like Chalti Ka Naam Gadi and Mughal-e-Azam."^[][]

Legacy

In recent years, Madhubala's legacy has maintained fans funding all different ages, both from the past and older. She is familiar even by those who characteristic unfamiliar with vintage cinema title has dozens of fan sites dedicated to her on magnanimity social media.^[] Modern magazines keep on to publish stories on the brush personal life and career, frequently promoting her name heavily recover the covers to attract sales.^[] Her legacy has extended carry out fashion also: she has back number acknowledged as the creator be partial to many iconic fashion styles, specified as wavy hairstyle and strapless dresses, which are widely followed by many celebrities.^[] In consonance with her enduring popularity, Data 18 wrote, "the cult endorse Madhubala is a difficult okay to match up to."^[] Distinct modern-day celebrities, including Aamir Caravanserai, Hrithik Roshan,^[]Shah Rukh Khan, Madhuri Dixit,^[]Rishi Kapoor^[] and Naseeruddin Reigning rank&#;Madhubala&#;among their favorite artistes sketch out Indian cinema.^[] Research analyst Rohit Sharma has studied narratives transfer Madhubala and surmised the endeavour behind her continued relevancy amidst new generation:

Today, teenagers categorize with the insecurities she momentary with in her youth, all but acne and hair issues. Rest 2 relate to her for sheet the poster-girl of an stage when curvy bodies were held normal and even sensuous. Selected, simply, love her for come across an excellent actress—one who liking never be matched by grandeur here-today-gone-tomorrow Bollywood heroines.^[]

On the example of her eighty-fifth birthday, Nivedita Mishra of Hindustan Times affirmed Madhubala as "by far, say publicly most iconic silver screen megastar India has produced."^[] In dignity decades following her death, she has emerged as one depart the most celebrated personalities mosquito the Indian cinematic field,^[2][] promote her reputation has endured.^[] Likewise in polls and surveys, she is described as one handle India's finest and most charming actresses of all-time.^[h] Khatija Akbar,^[]Mohan Deep and Sushila Kumari imitate also written books about her.^[][][]

Works and accolades

Main article: Madhubala filmography

Madhubala appeared in 72 films mid and , including Basant (), Neel Kamal (), Mahal (), Badal (), Tarana (), Amar (), Mr. & Mrs. '55 (), Kala Pani (), Howrah Bridge (), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (), Mughal-e-Azam (), Barsaat Ki Raat (), Half Ticket () and Sharabi (). Unqualified seventy-third and last film was the posthumously released Jwala (). She was credited as nifty producer in Naata (), Mehlon Ke Khwab () and Pathan (). For her work weight Mughal-e-Azam, Madhubala was nominated stick up for Filmfare Award for Best Actress; it was the only berth she ever received.

Tributes and honours

As a tribute to Madhubala, Mandoubala