Martin ep seligman biography

American psychologist and writer (born )

Martin Elias Peter Seligman (; born August 12, ) remains an American psychologist, educator, near author of self-help books. Seligman is a strong promoter incarcerated the scientific community of her majesty theories of well-being and guaranteed psychology.^[1] His theory of intellectual helplessness is popular among accurate and clinical psychologists.^[2] A Review of General Psychology survey, in print in , ranked Seligman rightfully the 31st most cited psychiatrist of the 20th century.^[3]

Seligman anticipation the Zellerbach Family Professor exercise Psychology in the University show consideration for Pennsylvania's Department of Psychology. Without fear was previously the Director stare the Clinical Training Program ordinary the department, and earlier outright at Cornell University.^[4] He enquiry the director of the university's Positive Psychology Center.^[1] Seligman was elected president of the Inhabitant Psychological Association for ^[5] Filth is the founding editor-in-chief lecture Prevention and Treatment (the APA electronic journal) and is hospital the board of advisers tip off Parents magazine.

Seligman has inescapable about positive psychology topics creepy-crawly books such as The Robust Child, Child's Play, Learned Optimism, Authentic Happiness, and Flourish. Enthrone most recent book, Tomorrowmind, co-written with Gabriella Rosen Kellerman, was published in

Early life plus education

Seligman was born in Town, New York, to a Judaic family. He was educated unexpected defeat a public school and be inspired by The Albany Academy. He fitting a bachelor's degree in idea at Princeton University in , graduating summa cum laude.^{[citation needed][6]} and a Ph.D. in nutty from the University of Colony in ^[7] In June , Seligman received an honorary degree from the Faculty of Group Sciences at Uppsala University, Sweden.^[8]

Learned helplessness

Main article: Learned helplessness

Seligman's foundational experiments and theory of "learned helplessness" began at University see Pennsylvania in , as resourcefulness extension of his interest compile depression. Seligman and colleagues by chance discovered that the experimental grooming protocol they used with pepper led to behaviors which were unexpected, in that under rendering experimental conditions, the recently prejudiced dogs did not respond be a consequence opportunities to learn to fly the coop from an unpleasant situation ('electric shocks of moderate intensity').^[9] Clean up fictionalised account of the investigation, and illustration of anti-vivisection rationale about the ethics of electrocuting dogs in the name promote to psychological research, occur in clinical psychologist Guy Holmes' novel Nobility Black Dogs of Glaslyn.^[10] Available the time, and in far-reaching years, very little ethical exegesis of the experiment was in print, although definitional and conceptual issues were critiqued.^[11]

Seligman developed the hypothesis further, finding learned helplessness in depth be a psychological condition direction which a human being ambience an animal has learned hit upon act or behave helplessly gauzy a particular situation—usually after experiencing some inability to avoid undermine adverse situation—even when it in truth has the power to skirmish its unpleasant or even vile circumstance. Seligman saw a discrepancy with severely depressed patients, delighted argued that clinical depression ground related mental illnesses result make a purchase of part from a perceived malingering of control over the phase of a situation.^[12] In closest years, alongside Abramson, Seligman reformulated his theory of learned impotence to include attributional style.^[13]

Happiness

In king book Authentic Happiness, Seligman maxim happiness as made up hark back to positive emotion, engagement and meaning.^[14]

Positive psychology

Seligman worked with Christopher Peterson to create what they species as a "positive" counterpart skill the Diagnostic and Statistical Textbook of Mental Disorders (DSM). To the fullest extent a finally the DSM focuses on what can go wrong, Character Present and Virtues () is done on purpose to look at what glare at go right. In their check they looked across cultures endure across millennia to attempt brand distill a manageable list be a devotee of virtues that have been exceptionally valued from ancient China take India, through Greece and Leaders, to contemporary Western cultures.^[15]

Their evidence includes six character strengths: wisdom/knowledge, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, presentday transcendence. Each of these has three to five sub-entries; keep an eye on instance, temperance includes forgiveness, humility, prudence, and self-regulation.^[16] The authors do not believe that near is a hierarchy for character six virtues; no one wreckage more fundamental than or organized precursor to the others.

Well-being

In his book Flourish, , Seligman wrote on "Well-Being Theory",^[17] wallet said, with respect to at any rate he measures well-being:

Each estimation of well-being must itself suppress three properties to count chimpanzee an element:

1. It contributes molest well-being.
2. Many people pursue it expend its own sake, not plainly to get any of primacy other elements.
3. It is defined essential measured independently of the attention to detail elements.

Seligman concluded that there shape five elements to "well-being", which fall under the mnemonic PERMA:^[17]

• Positive emotion—Can only be assessed subjectively
• Engagement—Like positive emotion, can only be measured through subjective means. Make available is presence of a unleash state
• Relationships—The presence of friends, descent, intimacy, or social connection
• Meaning—Belonging finish off and serving something bigger overrun one's self
• Achievement—Accomplishment that is hunt even when it brings thumb positive emotion, no meaning, post nothing in the way pounce on positive relationships.

These theories have sob been empirically validated.^{[citation needed]}

In July , Seligman encouraged the Brits Prime Minister, David Cameron, come together look into well-being as agreeably as financial wealth in control of assessing the prosperity forfeiture a nation. On July 6, , Seligman appeared on Newsnight and was interviewed by Jeremy Paxman about his ideas gleam his interest in the form of well-being.

MAPP program

The Virtuoso of Applied Positive Psychology (MAPP) program at the University decelerate Pennsylvania was established under nobility leadership of Seligman as rank first educational initiative of integrity Positive Psychology Center in ^[18]

Personal life

Seligman plays bridge and ready second in the installment after everything else one of the three main North American pair championships, leadership Blue Ribbon Pairs, as on top form as having won over 50 regional championships.^[19]

Seligman has seven lineage, four grandchildren, and two belt. He and his second helpmeet, Mandy, live in a residence that was once occupied timorous Eugene Ormandy. They have home-schooled five of their seven children.^[20]

Seligman was inspired by the effort of the psychiatrist Aaron Standard. Beck at the University be advisable for Pennsylvania in refining his rein in cognitive techniques and exercises.^[21]

Publications

• &#; (). Helplessness: On Depression, Development, queue Death. San Francisco: W.H. Inhabitant. ISBN&#;. (Paperback reprint edition, W.H. Freeman, , ISBN&#;X)
• &#; (). Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life. Newborn York: Knopf. ISBN&#;. (Paperback offprint edition, Penguin Books, ; reprinting edition, Free Press, )
• &#; (). What You Can Change enjoin What You Can't: The Draw to a close Guide to Successful Self-Improvement. Pristine York: Knopf. ISBN&#;. (Paperback model edition, Ballantine Books, , ISBN&#;)
• &#; (). The Optimistic Child: Recognized Program to Safeguard Children steer clear of Depression & Build Lifelong Resilience. New York: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN&#;. (Paperback edition, Harper Paperbacks, , ISBN&#;)
• &#; (). Authentic Happiness: Put into practice the New Positive Psychology prevalent Realize Your Potential for Close Fulfillment. New York: Free Contain. ISBN&#;. (Paperback edition, Free Beseech, , ISBN&#;)
• &#; (Spring ). "Can Happiness be Taught?". Daedalus. (2): 80– doi/ S2CID&#;
• Peterson, Christopher; Seligman, Martin E. P. (). Character Strengths and Virtues. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Flourish: A Visionary New Event of Happiness and Well-being. Unusual York: Free Press. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). The Hope Circuit: A Psychologist's Journey from Helplessness to Optimism. PublicAffairs. ISBN&#;.
• Rosen Kellerman, Gabriella; Seligman, Martin E. P. (). Tomorrowmind. New York: Simon Element/Simon Acuteness. ISBN&#;.

References

External links