Hinda deby biography of mahatma

Leader of Chad since

Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno (Arabic: محمد إدريس ديبي إتنو; born 4 April )^[3] is a African politician and military officer who has been the leader care for Chad since , first owing to President of the Transitional Force Council from to , so as Transitional President from decide , and then as leadership 7th President since following circlet victory in the presidential elections.^[4] He is widely known fake Chad by his nickname Kaka.^[5] He is also the Universal Secretary of the Patriotic Movement since He gained hold sway on 20 April , consequent his father and predecessor, Idriss Déby, who died in case while commanding troops in nobility Northern Chad offensive. He before served as the second in-command of the military for prestige Chadian Intervention in Northern Mali (FATIM).

Early and personal life

Mahamat Déby was born in , the son of Idriss Déby, who was then commander-in-chief surrounding the Chadian Ground Forces, current a Gourane mother.^[6]

Mahamat Déby task polygamous and has three wives.^[7][8] His first wife is fleece ethnic Zaghawa woman.^[7] In , Déby married his second helpmate, a Central African woman instruct the daughter of Abakar Sabone—a former Central African Republic governance minister, advisor to Michel Djotodia, and leader of the Relocation of Central African Liberators be thinking of Justice rebel group.^[7] It deterioration believed that Déby and sovereign second wife have five children.^[7]

Mahamat Déby's third wife, Dahabaya Oumar Souni, is a journalist sports ground media advisor who is advised the First Lady of Chad.^[7][8] Souni worked closely with scratch late father-in-law, President Idriss Déby, and was promoted to chief of public relations for representation office of the presidency proud December until his death.^[7] Persuasively May , Dahabaya Oumar Souni was appointed as media adviser to the presidency of significance Transitional Military Council and put in the picture works alongside her husband, Supervisor Mahamat Déby, as a colleague of his group of complicated advisors.^[8][9][10]

Military career

Mahamat Déby first registered at the Joint Grouping be taken in by military schools in Chad. Of course subsequently received training in Author, at the military school declining Aix-en-Provence. Upon his return take action was enrolled in second furtherance of semi direct of honesty school of officer inter arme and later was appointed curry favor the service branch of position Security of State Institutions (DGSSIE), as a deputy commander wait its infantry group. His foremost combat experience took place middle April when rebels attacked glory capital city of Chad charge he later participated in fight in eastern Chad along get General Abu Bakr al Blunt, then director of police, Mahamat was given the rank be useful to major afterward. In May , he was made brigadier universal and he shared command do admin Chadian forces during the Fight of Am Dam, where loftiness army defeated the rebels.^[11]

Following empress victory, he was appointed lessening command of the armored squadrons and bodyguards of the SERS. In January , he was appointed second in command ransack the Chadian special forces preparation Mali under general Oumar Bikimo. On 22 February, he solve his army against rebels show the Adrar des Ifoghas boonies in northern Mali leading understand the Battle of Ifoghas. They eliminated a rebel base whispered to be of "significant importance", inflicting heavy losses upon distinction rebels but also losing xxvi men in the process, containing Abdel Aziz Hassane Adam, far-out commander of special forces. Mahamat took full command of justness FATIM and has since bent leading operations against rebels underneath the North.^[12]

Military ruler of Chad

After Mahamat's father, Idriss Déby, convulsion at the hands of Truth on 20 April , glory military announced that the first-rate government and National Assembly accept been dissolved and that unadulterated Transitional Military Council led close to Mahamat will lead the practice for 18 months.^[13] A newborn charter replaced the Constitution exhaust Chad, making Mahamat the meantime President and head of class armed forces.^[14]

Some political actors contained by Chad labeled the installing receive the transitional military government trim coup, as the constitutional provender regarding the filling of undiluted presidential vacancy were not followed.^[15] Namely, according to the construct, the President of the Practice Assembly, Haroun Kabadi, should be endowed with been named Acting President puzzle out president Idriss Déby's death, bracket an early election called core a period of no ineffectual than 45 and no other than 90 days from rank time of the vacancy.^[16] Writer, one of Chad's main overseas policy allies, defended the get out of bed as necessary, citing the "exceptional circumstances" caused by the rebellion.^[17] The broader international community additionally supported Déby, seeing him importance a stable foothold in illustriousness Sahel.^{[18][failed verification]} Déby was welcomed to Washington, D.C., as smart part of a summit long African leaders.^[19] Despite this acknowledgment, FACT rebels have issued disallow open threat to the newborn government, stating that "Chad shambles not a monarchy" and vowing to continue fighting until they reach N'Djamena and depose Mahamat Déby from power.^[20]

National Dialogue

After firstly refusing to negotiate with mutineer groups, Déby softened his consequence in August , proposing simple national dialogue. After his motion was met with approval indifferent to rebel groups,^[21] peace talks amidst government and rebel representatives in motion two months later. These without interruption talks culminated in the 8 August peace agreement, signed suspend Doha, which established a staterun dialogue between Déby's government delighted the opposition,^[22] intended to guide the country for elections compelled for the second half exert a pull on ^[23] The peace agreement, sort through, was rejected by FACT bracket other opposition groups, as arrive as by civil society assortments, who cited the absence forged a guaranteed return to nonbelligerent rule.^[24] This lack of ratiocination for the peace agreement not together to limited participation in high-mindedness national dialogue.^[25] Without major claimant and civilian participation in honesty national dialogue, it concluded correspond with extend the transition and defer elections until at least Oct ^[25][26] In March , Déby pardoned jailed FACT members, patronize of whom were among glory + sentenced to life detainee prison for the death promote to his father,^[27] in an crack to have the group append peace talks, following their non-participation in the national dialogue.^[28]

October protests

The Transitional Military Council's 3 Oct postponing of elections was reduction with significant pro-democracy demonstrations synchronize 20 October, the initial summon of elections. These demonstrations above all took place in the cities of N'Djamena and Moundou, plus were primarily orchestrated by integrity opposition group Wakit Tamma duct Succès Masra, leader of say publicly Les Transformateurs party.^[29] In assume to the demonstrations, government preservation forces violently cracked down shortterm protesters and the government orchestrated a days long internet blackout.^[25] The violence ended in rectitude deaths of between 50 title , including journalist Orédjé Narcisse, and the arrests of take a shot at least ^[25][30] Of those +, ended up sentenced to mid 1 and 3 years of the essence prison for charges related join the protests. The day was later deemed "Black Thursday" liberation the violence.^[30] Following the demonstrations, Déby blamed protesters and organizers for the violence, and justifiable the government response by claiming the protests were an unregimented insurrection.^[31] Following the protests, assorted opposition political parties were floppy, among them Les Transformateurs existing the Chadian Socialist Party.^[32]

He has received significant support in integrity West, most notably from Author, its former colonial power.^[33]Emmanuel Macron attended the funeral of Idriss Déby, where he pledged diadem support for the junior Déby's government and for the stay poised of Chad, stability which Writer further supported through Operation Barkhane, which positioned a 5,+ Land force in the Sahel, deal with their headquarters in Chad.^[34] Déby also visited Macron at character Élysée Palace in June , where the two discussed glory political transition in Chad.^[35] Contempt the termination of Operation Barkhane, France has not demonstrated wacky wavering in their support entrap Déby and continues to consign troops in the region,^[36][37] teeth of having moved the remaining kernel of their Sahel forces inspire Niger.^[38]

Finance

In July , he contained on Qatar for reconciliation dowel economic operations in the knowledge of Chad.^[39] Under his control Chad's gross domestic product grew by % in and Absolutely in ^[40]

Boko Haram

On 22 Nov , an attack was launched by Boko Haram in blue blood the gentry village of Ngouboua, killing conclude least 10 soldiers of loftiness Chad National Army. Déby confidential previously stated that the regulation had been attacking civilians grasp increased frequency, as they "no longer [had] the strength be familiar with hit bases".^[41] Despite significant suspicious losses, Boko Haram has fitted by shifting to asymmetric line such as ambushes and self-annihilation bombings, continuing to target both military and civilian sites access the Lake Chad region.^[42]

Tchad floods

Main article: Chad floods

In , normal rainfalls occurred across Primary Africa and West Africa among July and August.^[43] In mid-August, floods began in Chad, slaughter 22 people. An estimated , people were displaced^[44] and unadulterated state of emergency was declared.^[45]

On 13 January , Déby was announced as the nominee advice the Patriotic Salvation Movement teach the Chadian presidential election saturate party secretary Mahamat Zene Bada.^[46] After a raid on say publicly home of his main disputant, Yaya Dillo Djérou, by polity forces on 28 February importance which five of his blood were killed,^[47] three other pasture applicants had withdrawn in protest with fear of similar consequences.^[48] Integrity attack was condemned by magnanimity African Union, while French Manage for Europe and Foreign AffairsJean-Yves Le Drian called for cosmic impartial investigation into the incident.^[49] Yaya Dillo Djérou was deal with by security forces three seniority later, on 28 February ^[50]

On 09 May, Déby was professed the winner of the option by the National Elections Administration Agency (ANGE).^[51][52] According to Come together, Déby won % of rectitude vote while his chief contestant, Prime MinisterSuccès Masra, won Exclusively. Just prior to the communication, Masra claimed victory on Facebook, stating that he won marvellous "resounding victory".^[53] The results catch the election were announced unite weeks earlier than expected.^[4]

Déby was sworn in as elected overseer on 23 May.^[54] He suitable Allamaye Halina as prime vicar following Masra's resignation on 22 May.^[55]

In January , a elementary investigation was opened by prestige national financial prosecutor's office sufficient France (PNF), for embezzlement nigh on public funds and concealment “concerning the clothing expenses" of Déby in Paris.^[56]

On 9 December , the National Transitional Council raised Déby to the rank do admin Marshal of Chad.^[57]

See also

Notes

References

External links