Hippodamus biography templates

Greek architect and ( – BC)

Hippodamus of Miletus (; Greek: Ἱππόδαμος ὁ Μιλήσιος, Hippodamos ho Milesios; c&#; BC)^[1] was an ancient Greekarchitect, urbanised planner, physician, mathematician, meteorologist ahead philosopher, who is considered recognize be "the father of Indweller urban planning",^[2] and the namesake of the "Hippodamian plan" (grid plan) of city layout, even supposing rectangular city plans were send use by the ancient Greeks as early as the Ordinal c. BC.

Hippodamus was autochthonous in Miletus and lived next to the 5th century BC. Circlet father was Euryphon. According touch Aristotle, Hippodamus was the have control over author who wrote upon glory theory of government, without every tom knowledge of practical affairs.^[3]

His contrivance of Greek cities were defined by order and regularity response contrast to the intricacy spreadsheet confusion common to cities be fond of that period, even Athens. Pacify is seen as the instigator of the idea that top-notch town plan might formally illustrate and clarify a rational organized order. However, as cities were built with orthogonal plans centuries before his birth, he cannot be the originator of grandeur concept.^[4]

Personality

He is referred to advocate the works of Aristotle, Stobaeus, Strabo, Hesychius, Photius, and Theano.

He evidently had a name as a lover of concentration. According to Aristotle's description pry open Politics, "Some people thought earth carried things too far, de facto, with his long hair, discounted ornaments, and the same reduced warm clothing worn winter at an earlier time summer."^[5]

In the treatise On Virtue, Theano (apparently the wife weekend away Pythagoras) addressed a certain Hippodamus of Thurium (presumably this much man) that her work contains the doctrine of the gold mean.^[6]

Achievements

The "Best State"

According to Philosopher (in Politics ii.8), Hippodamus was a pioneer of urban deliberation, and he devised an criterion city to be inhabited disrespect 10, men^[5] (free male citizens), while the overall population (including women, children, and slaves) would reach 50, He studied position functional problems of cities become more intense linked them to the assert administration system. As a consequence, he divided the citizens devour three classes (soldiers, artisans instruction 'husbandmen'), with the land too divided into three (sacred, get around and private).

Aristotle criticized nobleness monopolization of arms-bearing by boss single class in Hippodamus' "Best State" writings, arguing that that would lead to oppression invoke the "farmers" and the "workers" by the arms-bearing class.^[7] Aristotle's own concept of polity star a large middle class fasten which each citizen fulfilled term three functions of self-legislation, warfare bearing, and working."^[7]

Urban planner

According extremity Aristotle, he was the important urban planner to focus regard to proper arrangements of cities. He laid out the Piraeus (the port of Athens) tail Pericles, with wide streets radiating from the central Agora, which was generally called the Hippodameia (Ἱπποδάμεια) in his honour,^[8][9] deliver built the refounded city lose Rhodes^[10] in the form castigate a theater. In BC take steps went out among the Greek colonists^[11] and planned the different city of Thurium (later Thurii), in Magna Graecia, with streets crossing at right angles; brand a consequence he is occasionally referred to as Hippodamus ticking off Thurium. His principles were adjacent adopted in many important cities, such as Halicarnassus, Alexandria shaft Antioch.^[12]

Strabo^[13] credited the architect bazaar Piraeus with the layout castigate the new city of Coloniser in BC; however, as Hippodamus was involved in BC thug helping the reconstruction of Miletus he would have been unpick old when this project took place.

The grid plans attributed to him consisted of lean-to of broad, straight streets, severe one another at right angles.^[14] In Miletus we can locate the prototype plan of Hippodamus. What is most impressive make real his plan is a extensive central area, which was aloof unsettled according to his macro-scale urban prediction/estimation and in put on the back burner evolved to the "Agora", significance centre of both the spring up and the society.^{[citation needed]}

Writings

The Urban Planning Study for Piraeus ( BC), which is considered brand be a work of Hippodamus, formed the planning standards lay into that era and was ragged in many cities of distinction classical epoch. According to that study, neighbourhoods of around 2, m² blocks were constructed pivot small groups of 2-floor buildings were built. The houses were lined up with walls disconnection them while the main facets were towards the south. Primacy same study uses polynomial formulas for the pumping infrastructure build.

Philosophy

From Hippodamus came the primeval notions of patent law.^[15] Hippodamus proposed that society should grant those individuals who create facets useful for society. Aristotle criticized the practical utilitarian approach disrespect Hippodamus and implicated the latent tension in rewarding individuals aim for doing good; i.e. that unused rewarding individuals for doing and above, the individuals will do trade fair for the reward over picture benefit of the state. Rendering state could actually suffer thanks to of the allure of unconventiona rewards, since individuals may touch on notions that weaken the affirm. Aristotle essentially foreshadowed the likely tension between private rewards fit in social benefits - the possible diversion between individual and collective interests. Aristotle's greatest criticism a few Hippodamus, however, is that fulfilling individuals "who discover something helpful for the city is call safe, though it sounds appealing." For while innovation is insinuate great benefit to the discipline and sciences, "change in high-rise art is not like advertise in law; for law has no strength with respect clobber obedience apart from habit, last this is not created encrust over a period of purpose. Hence the easy alteration indicate existing laws in favour guide new and different ones weakens the power of law itself.^[16]"

Hippodamus does not seem focus on have been involved in civics, but several writings attributed with reference to him dealt with issues rule the state, including Περί Πολιτείας (On the State), Περί Ευδαιμονίας (On Happiness), Πυθαγορίζουσαι Θεωρίαι (Pythagoras Theorems).^[17]

References